An Antimicrobial Resistance mechanism should be suspected if:
ESBL: I/R to one or both of cefotaxime and ceftazidime or R for cefpodoxime
AmpC: R to one or both of cefotaxime and ceftazidime and R for cefoxitin
ESBL will show:
- Synergy with clavulanic acid
AmpC will show:
- Synergy with cloxacillin
- No synergy indicates other mechanisms such as porin loss
It is possible for isolates to carry and display both ESBL and AmpC resistance mechanism at the same time, this kit will identify this when it occurs.
EUCAST compliance (guidelines for the detection of resistance mechanisms):
...only the combination of cefotaxime and ceftazidime are used for confirmatory tests
Combined disc test
Apply one tablet of:
Cefotaxime + Cloxacillin (CTXCX)
Cefotaxime + Clavulanate (CTX+C)
Ceftazidime + Cloxacillin (CAZCX)
Ceftazidime + Clavulanate (CAX+C)
Cefotaxime + Cloxacillin + Clavulanate (CTXCC)
Ceftazidime + Cloxacillin + Clavulanate (CAZCC)
On an inoculated Mueller-Hinton agar plate (McFarland 0.5).